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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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DM solitons in long-haul DWDM systems at 40 Gb/s with nonlinear interactions and PMD
- 2003
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. ; 15:10, s. 1372-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors investigate for the first time how polarization mode dispersion and nonlinear interactions affect dense wavelength division multiplexing dispersion management-soliton long-haul transmission using Monte Carlo simulations. They also discuss how the system is affected by an increasing number of wavelength channels
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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Gain and wavelength dependence of the noise-figure in fiber optical parametric amplification
- 2006
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. ; 18:11, s. 1255-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We measure, for the first time, the wavelength resolved electrical noise figure (NF) of a fiber-optical parametric amplifier and find excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. We furthermore measure the NF in the exponential gain regime at high gain and quantify the gain dependence of the NF as well as its spectral dependence
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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Phase Modulation and Filter Characteristics on Dual-Pumped Fiber-Optical Parametric Amplification
- 2006
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 18:2, s. 439 - 441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have derived theory predicting the impact phase modulation has on dual-pumped parametric amplifiers which includes also the effect of pump power fluctuations. The theory shows that gain perturbations due to perturbations in the pump frequencies can be significantly reduced by operating the two pumps out of phase. Furthermore, filtering the phase-modulated pumps can introduce detrimental gain variations and we propose the use of flat-top filter characteristics in order to reduce the filter bandwidths around the pump without causing too much gain-variations on the amplified signal. We also investigate the effect of detuned optical filters.
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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Pump Phase-Modulation on the Bit-Error Rate in Fiber-Optical Parametric-Amplifier-Based Systems
- 2007
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 19:2, s. 79-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pump phase-modulation is often needed to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber-optical parametric amplifiers. We show that while this causes a gain variation with a corresponding Q-value penalty, the actual bit-error-rate degradation is not always significant. The findings are supported by experimental studies.
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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Noise in dual-pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifiers: Theory and experiments
- 2007
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In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 25:9, s. 2837-2846
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The noise figure (NF) of a dual-pumped parametric amplifier with copolarized pumps is quantified for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown that the NF is increased by the noise on the pump sources, in agreement with theory, and that it gives a uniform NF degradation due to a uniform gain spectrum. The magnitude of the NF degradation increases with increasing input-signal power. Various aspects of the NF are studied, such as the effects of three idlers generated by the four-sideband interaction, and Raman-induced losses and excess noise caused by the population of thermal phonons. It is shown that the use of unequal pump powers only affects the low-power NIT to a minimal degree. Also, the gain dependence of the NF is studied, as are the wavelength and signal power dependences of the NE It is shown that at high gain, the NF saturates even when pump noise is an issue. Also, unequal pump powers with fixed gain have a minor impact on the noise performance of the amplifier. Theory and experiments agree well with each other.
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- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Noise in Orthogonally Pumped Fiber-Optical Parametric Amplifiers
- 2007
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 19:2, s. 88-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The noise figure (NF) of a fiber-optical parametric amplifier, driven by pumps with orthogonal polarizations, is quantified experimentally. It is shown that this amplifier has a signal- polarization -dependent gain, with a corresponding polarization-dependent NF. The polarization dependence of the NF is particularly large when higher input-signal powers are amplified, in which case pump-induced noise dominates. At lower input-signal powers, the NF is less dependent on the input polarization, but increases closer to the lower-frequency pump.
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